design and analysis:

The business process lifecycle is entered in the Design and Analysis phase, in
which surveys on the business processes and their organizational and technical
environment are conducted. Based on these surveys, business processes are
identified, reviewed, validated, and represented by business process models.
Explicit business process models expressed in a graphical notation facilitate
communication about these processes, so that different stakeholders can
communicate efficiently, and refine and improve them.

Business process modelling techniques as well as validation, simulation,
and verification techniques are used during this phase. Business process modelling
is the core technical subphase during process design. Based on the survey
and the findings of the business process improvement activities, the informal
business process description is formalized using a particular business process
modelling notation.
Once an initial design of a business process is developed, it needs to be
validated. A useful instrument to validate a business process is a workshop,
during which the persons involved discuss the process. The participants of the
workshop will check whether all valid business process instances are reflected
by the business process model.
Simulation techniques can be used to support validation, because certain
undesired execution sequences might be simulated that show deficits in the
process model. Simulation of business processes also allows stakeholders to
walk through the process in a step-by-step manner and to check whether
the process actually exposes the desired behaviour. Most business process
management systems provide a simulation environment that can be used in
this phase.

Business processes involving multiple participants play an increasing role
to foster the collaboration between enterprises. The design and analysis of
interacting business processes.Business process modelling has an evolutionary
character in the sense thatthe process model is analyzed and improved
so that it actually represents thedesired business process and that it
does not contain any undesired properties.